Environmental Impact

About Environmental Impact

Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, tidal, and hydropower are generally considered environmentally friendly because they produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. However, each type of energy source has unique environmental impacts that should be considered.

Solar energy has one of the lowest environmental impacts during operation, but the production of solar panels involves mining for materials like silicon, copper, and rare earth elements. If not properly managed, this can lead to habitat disruption and pollution. Recycling and sustainable sourcing practices are being developed to address these issues.

Tidal energy is predictable and clean, but the installation of tidal turbines or barrages can potentially disturb marine ecosystems. Fish migration patterns, sediment transport, and water quality may be affected depending on the technology used and location.

Hydropower is a reliable and flexible energy source, but building large dams can significantly alter river ecosystems, affect fish populations, and displace local communities. Smaller-scale hydropower solutions and improved fish-passage technologies help reduce these effects.

Despite these challenges, the overall environmental impact of renewable energy sources is significantly lower than that of fossil fuels. As technology improves, these systems are becoming even cleaner and more efficient.

IEA – Renewables 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024